Patients at high risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD) should be offered screening
- Diabetes
- Hypertension
- Patients with vascular disease (Ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, cardiac failure)
- High risk of obstructive uropathy (neurogenic bladder, urine stone disease)
- Use of potentially nephrotoxic drugs (ACEI/ARBs/NSAIDs/Lithium/ciclosporin)
- Multisystem disease that potentially involves the kidney
- A first degree relative with stage 5 CKD
